In a move that could significantly disrupt educational dreams, the United States government is advancing a rule that would replace its long-standing flexible student visa system with fixed-term limits for F-1 and J-1 visa holders. This proposal marks a fundamental shift away from the current policy that allows international students to remain in the country as long as they maintain their academic status.
Under the existing framework, commonly referred to as “duration of status,” students are permitted to stay in the U.S. for the entire duration of their program—provided they remain enrolled full-time in approved institutions. However, the new rule, cleared by the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) and sent for further review, proposes imposing a specific expiration period, irrespective of program length. Once this cap is reached, students must apply for visa extensions to continue their studies. The concept of fixed-term visas was first introduced during President Trump’s 2020 administration, but it was later withdrawn amid resistance.
Proceeds from this revived initiative could see F-1 and J-1 visas limited to durations of two or four years. If their academic or exchange programs extend beyond the prescribed duration, students would have to apply for extensions through the U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services—a process likely to involve additional fees, paperwork, and uncertainty. Currently, around 420,000 Indian students are enrolled in U.S. institutions, making them the largest group of international students. The proposed changes have raised serious concerns among these students, who fear interruptions to their academic progress and added financial burdens.
This proposal has passed the DHS and entered review with the White House’s Office of Management and Budget—one of the final regulatory steps before public release and implementation. Experts warn that the shift to fixed-term visas could undermine student flexibility, forcing earlier renewal, and potentially disrupting practical training and career transitions. Many Indian students, especially those enrolled in longer programs such as doctoral research, may face heightened risks of mid-programme delay. Academic institutions also foresee complications in planning and student retention.
Complementing this development, broader changes to visa policy are adding to international student anxiety. Since May 2025, U.S. embassies have halted new visa appointments while ramping up social media vetting requirements. Students are now expected to make their social media profiles public to accommodate enhanced scrutiny. Legal tussles have already begun, with prominent universities resisting attempts to revoke their international-student hosting privileges. Universities like Harvard have secured court injunctions to protect their Student and Exchange Visitor Program certifications.
The implications extend beyond U.S. borders. With increasing uncertainty and procedural barriers, many Indian families and students are reconsidering or delaying their U.S. plans. Education consultants report a growing shift toward alternatives such as the U.K., Europe, or Middle Eastern institutions. Those already invested in U.S. education now face reevaluating timelines, budgets, and visa risks.
In essence, the proposed shift from a flexible “duration of status” policy to fixed-term F-1 and J-1 visas reflects a broader tightening in U.S. immigration strategy. While officials cite enhanced oversight and immigration compliance as justifications, critics warn that the measure jeopardizes academic mobility, student well-being, and the U.S.’s standing as a welcoming destination for global talent—particularly impacting Indian students who form a large presence on American campuses. The final outcome, now pending public comment and regulatory approval, could reshape international education for years to come.
