As Afghanistan enters its fifth year under Taliban rule following their seizure of power in August 2021, the country remains mired in repression, economic collapse, and mounting humanitarian distress. Observers warn of worsening conditions, particularly for women, even as the Taliban consolidate internal control and international communities struggle to respond.
In recent years, Taliban supreme leader Hibatullah Akhundzada has cemented his authority, largely neutralizing internal rivals and enforcing decrees that further curtail freedoms under strict Islamic law. Dissent is stifled, and women’s rights continue to face severe restrictions, with no meaningful relief on the horizon.
The regime’s power, however, has not brought stability to all. Afghanistan teeters on the brink of widespread humanitarian collapse. With international aid dwindling and millions dependent on external support, economic pressures intensify—compounded by sharp population growth and refugees being expelled from Iran and Pakistan. These factors heighten risks of unrest and instability.
Urban celebrations on August 15, 2025, marked the Taliban’s fourth year anniversary—but women were entirely excluded from participating. City-wide festivities—including flower drops from helicopters and public speeches—were attended exclusively by men, underscoring women’s exclusion from public life under the regime. International institutions like UNESCO condemned the ongoing ban on girls’ secondary and higher education, warning that such policies severely impair Afghanistan’s long-term development.
Internally, the regime’s attempt to project order and governance fails to mask collapsing morale among citizens. Many Afghans, particularly women, express feeling abandoned as foreign governments gradually soften their stance and seek ties with the regime—moves perceived by some as a betrayal of their suffering.
Efforts of resistance continue, albeit in perilous conditions. Human rights groups and covert initiatives provide vital lifelines—but face overwhelming obstacles. Across the region, the Taliban have expanded diplomatic outreach driven by pragmatic interests, with countries such as Russia engaging more directly despite global condemnation.
In summary, Afghanistan’s fifth year under Taliban rule reveals a grim tableau of strengthened authoritarian control, ruthless suppression of women’s rights, and a deepening humanitarian and economic crisis. The few avenues of hope—internal resistance, covert education networks, and international advocacy—remain overshadowed by those fighting to survive and reclaim dignity under one of the most oppressive regimes of modern times.
