Australia’s population has surpassed 27 million, marking a rapid increase of 1 million people in under two years, primarily due to post-pandemic migration. Data from the Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) shows the national population grew by 2.3% to 27.1 million in the year ending 31 March.
Historically, Australia’s population has grown by 1 million roughly every 2.75 years. However, this latest increase took just 1.75 years, a much faster rate, according to Phil Browning, ABS demography director. It was also quicker than the growth from 25 million to 26 million, which took nearly four years, largely due to pandemic-related lockdowns.
Once borders reopened, migration surged significantly. Overseas migration contributed to 83% of last year’s population growth, with net overseas migration totaling 509,800 people, a notable portion being students. Though down from a peak of 559,900 in September 2023, migration remains high.
Natural population growth, consisting of births and deaths, added 105,500 people. Browning noted that while fertility rates, at around 1.6 births per woman, remain historically low, they show no clear trend of increase or decline.
All states and territories saw population growth, with Western Australia leading at 3.1%, while Tasmania had the lowest at 0.4%. Australia is projected to reach a population of 28 million by 2027 and could potentially hit 30 million by 2033.
Phil Browning emphasized that overseas migration remains the key driver of population growth, as natural increase has been relatively steady. The low fertility rate of 1.6 births per woman is below the replacement level, and without significant changes, migration will likely continue to play an essential role in population growth.
The fast pace of migration reflects both the reopening of borders and Australia’s appeal to international students, skilled workers, and migrants seeking opportunities post-pandemic. However, this influx also presents challenges, including housing, infrastructure, and service demands, especially in urban centers where the majority of new arrivals settle.
States like Western Australia, with its robust economic prospects, have benefited the most from this rapid growth, while regions such as Tasmania, with its slower growth rate, face different demographic pressures.
Looking ahead, with a population expected to reach 30 million by 2033, governments at all levels will need to carefully manage both the opportunities and challenges that come with sustained growth, including policy decisions on immigration, urban planning, and the sustainability of essential services.
Australia’s demographic future will likely continue to be shaped by migration trends, birth rates, and global conditions, requiring ongoing adaptation to ensure balanced development across its diverse regions.
