More than half—specifically 51%—of adults across the UK now express concern that artificial intelligence (AI) could potentially alter the nature of their jobs or even cost them their livelihoods, a new poll conducted by the Trades Union Congress (TUC) shows. The anxiety is particularly pronounced among younger workers, with 62% of respondents aged 25 to 34 admitting to heightened worry that their employment could be adversely affected by AI.
This growing unease is unfolding against the backdrop of announcements from major companies—including BT, Amazon, and Microsoft—about AI-driven job cuts. Compounding the issue is an uptick in the UK’s unemployment rate, which has now reached a four-year high of 4.7%. Economists, however, are cautious, noting that AI may not be the direct driver behind rising unemployment levels.
In response to these concerns, the TUC is urging the government to step in and shape a fair and inclusive rollout of AI across workplaces. Among the union’s recommendations are measures to ensure meaningful worker involvement in AI deployment decisions, comprehensive training programs for employees whose jobs may be affected, and conditions tied to any public investment in AI that would guarantee worker protections.
The TUC also warns against unchecked AI adoption, arguing that without regulation, it risks exacerbating inequality and degrading working conditions. To counter these risks, the union is proposing a “digital dividend”—a mechanism through which the productivity gains generated by AI are shared more equitably, ensuring that workers benefit alongside businesses and investors. They advocate for bolstered social security supports and skill-development programs to help workers adapt to the evolving demands of a tech-laden workplace.
This survey underscores a broader shift in public sentiment toward AI. While some earlier studies hinted at optimism—particularly around AI’s capacity to assist with repetitive tasks—concern about job displacement has remained a dominant theme. For instance, research by Acas, the UK’s workplace advisory body, found that around 26% of workers fear job losses due to AI. That study also highlighted worries about the technology’s error rate and insufficient regulation.
Amid these fears, there have been some efforts toward more positive engagement with AI. A poll from Henley Business School revealed a complex mix of feelings: while a slim majority of professionals remain optimistic about AI’s potential, many feel overwhelmed by its rapid pace and express a lack of workplace guidance and support. In parallel, the UK government has launched initiatives to foster AI skills and adaptation: the Technology Secretary recently announced plans to train 7.5 million workers in AI by 2030 and emphasized that all workers—regardless of age—can engage with AI if given even limited training.
Taken together, these findings paint a nuanced picture of the UK’s labor landscape. Workers are more aware than ever of AI’s potential to reshape employment, and while many are looking for an equitable and reassuring path forward, structural support—from policymaking, to training, to workplace policy—is still lagging.
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